Interpersonal communication between teachers and students in pancasila education learning

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interpersonal communication between teachers and students in the Pancasila Education learning process, specifically in grades IV and VI. The research also identifies the factors that hinder effective communication in the classroom, including barriers to message delivery and student engagement. Interpersonal communication is crucial in the learning process as it influences student understanding and participation, especially in moral and civic education subjects such as Pancasila Education. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with descriptive methodology, focusing on data gathered through observations, interviews, and documentation. A purposive sampling method was employed to select key informants, including teachers and students from the Pancasila Education classes. Data analysis followed the steps of data collection, reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that while interpersonal communication between teachers and students is generally effective, challenges persist, such as the lack of learning media and excessive verbal or emotional messages from teachers that hinder student participation. These communication barriers contribute to misunderstandings and decreased student engagement during lessons. Based on these findings, the study recommends that teachers enhance their communication strategies by incorporating visual aids and reducing overly emotional or complex verbal communication. Furthermore, fostering a more interactive and inclusive classroom environment could help improve students' comprehension and active involvement in Pancasila Education.

Keywords
  • Interpersonal communication
  • Pancasila education
  • Learning process
  • Teacher-student interaction
  • Communication barriers
  • Civic education
References
  1. Agu, S. V., Azike, L. C., & Kalu, U. C. (2022). Education Human Capital Development and Per Capita Income in Nigeria: A Bivariate Granger Causality Analysis. Social Science Research, 8(1).
  2. Akhtar, S., Munwar Bagum, D. M. N. I., & Malik, M. A. (2024). Effectiveness of Classroom Management Strategies in Reducing Students’ Disruptive Behavior at Secondary Level: Gender and School Location. Jahan-e-Tahqeeq, 7(2), 668–671.
  3. Al Mamun, M. A., & Lawrie, G. (2023). Student-content interactions: Exploring behavioural engagement with self-regulated inquiry-based online learning modules. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 1.
  4. Andika, R., Ringgit, A., Yusriandi, Y., Akmal, F., & Burhanuddin, B. (2025). Efforts to Improve Skills in Developing Project Modules for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile and the Rahmatan Lil’Alamin Student Profile (P5-PPRA) Through In-House Training. Muaddib: Journal of Islamic Education, 2(1), 39–51.
  5. Awacorach, J., Jensen, I., Lassen, I., Olanya, D. R., Zakaria, H. L., & Tabo, G. O. (2021). Exploring Transition in Higher Education: Engagement and Challenges in Moving from Teacher-Centered to Student-Centered Learning. Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, 9(2), 113–130.
  6. Bingham, A. J. (2023). From data management to actionable findings: A five-phase process of qualitative data analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22, 16094069231183620.
  7. Bratchuk, H., & Smith, P. (2023). Overcoming of communication barriers in the classroom. EIKI Journal of Effective Teaching Methods, 1(1).
  8. Coleman, P. (2022). Validity and reliability within qualitative research for the caring sciences. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 14(3), 2041–2045.
  9. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2014). Research desing: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (Vol. 54). United State of America: Sage Publications.
  10. Derakhshan, A., Greenier, V., & Fathi, J. (2023). Exploring the interplay between a loving pedagogy, creativity, and work engagement among EFL/ESL teachers: A multinational study. Current Psychology, 42(26), 22803–22822.
  11. Dineva, D., Breitsohl, J., Garrod, B., & Megicks, P. (2020). Consumer responses to conflict-management strategies on non-profit social media fan pages. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 52(1), 118–136.
  12. Döring, N., Conde, M., Brandenburg, K., Broll, W., Gross, H.-M., Werner, S., & Raake, A. (2022). Can communication technologies reduce loneliness and social isolation in older people? A scoping review of reviews. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11310.
  13. Edwards, A., Gambino, A., & Edwards, C. (2022). Factors of attraction in human-machine communication. Publizistik, 67(4), 517–529.
  14. Farris, K. L., Dye, L. A., Houser, M. L., & Timmerman, C. E. (2022). Student Perceptions of Instructor Communication Amid Class Disruption. Higher Education Implications for Teaching and Learning during COVID-19, 99.
  15. Gabriel, O. T. (2023). Data privacy and ethical issues in collecting health care data using artificial intelligence among health workers. Center for Bioethics and Research.
  16. Gohoungodji, P., N’Dri, A. B., & Matos, A. L. B. (2023). What makes telework work? Evidence of success factors across two decades of empirical research: A systematic and critical review. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(3), 605–649.
  17. Gunasekaran, K., Kumar, V. V., Kaladevi, A. C., Mahesh, T. R., Bhat, C. R., & Venkatesan, K. (2023). Smart decision-making and communication strategy in industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Access, 11, 28222–28235.
  18. Gunawan, R., Sudarman, S., & Astuti, R. F. (2022). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Menggunakan Articulate Storyline Pada Mata Pelajaran Ips Kelas Viii Di Smpn 34 Samarinda. Educational Studies: Conference Series, 2(1), 54–62.
  19. Hargie, O. (2021). Skilled interpersonal communication: Research, theory and practice. Routledge.
  20. Hasanuddin, N., & Ciptaningrum, D. S. (2021). Types of English teachers’ questioning and classroom interaction affecting learners’ motivation in EFL context. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 6(2), 455–472.
  21. Hernández-Rodríguez, O., González, G., & Villafañe-Cepeda, W. (2021). Planning a research lesson online: pre-service teachers’ documentation work. International Journal for Lesson & Learning Studies, 10(2), 168–186.
  22. Indainanto, Y. I., Dalimunthe, M. A., Sazali, H., & Kholil, S. (2023). Islamic Communication in Voicing Religious Moderation as an Effort to Prevent Conflicts of Differences in Beliefs. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(4).
  23. Istiqomah, L., & Wibowo, S. E. (2024). Effective Learning of Pancasila Education through Technology-Based Interactive Media for Elementary School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 14(3), 1990–2004.
  24. Joyce, K. E. (2024). Revisiting the role of values in evidence-based education. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 58(6), 853–868.
  25. Kapnoula, E. C., Edwards, J., & McMurray, B. (2021). Gradient activation of speech categories facilitates listeners’ recovery from lexical garden paths, but not perception of speech-in-noise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47(4), 578.
  26. Kumar, K. (2024). Effective communication skills. KHANNA PUBLISHING HOUSE.
  27. Lim, W. M. (2025). What is qualitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(2), 199–229.
  28. Littlejohn, W., S., Foss, & A., K. (2014). Teori Komunikasi Edisi 9. Salemba Humanika ,.
  29. Matlhaba, K. (2025). Communication and Interpersonal Skills. In Enhancing Clinical Competence of Graduate Nurses (pp. 135–148). Springer.
  30. Meluch, A. L., LeBlanc, S. S., Hannah, M., & Starcher, S. (2023). Student-instructor communication during a crisis: college students’ disclosures about academic struggles and perceived instructor supportiveness and flexibility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 31(4), 325–341.
  31. Natow, R. S. (2020). The use of triangulation in qualitative studies employing elite interviews. Qualitative Research, 20(2), 160–173.
  32. Nguyen, M. X. N. C., Dao, P., Iwashita, N., & Spinelli, F. (2023). Teacher learners theorizing from practice: A case of the concept of learner engagement in interactive second language learning tasks. Teaching and Teacher Education, 129, 104151.
  33. Nyimbili, F., & Nyimbili, L. (2024). Types of purposive sampling techniques with their examples and application in qualitative research studies.
  34. Okoye, M. F. (2024). The Impact of Interpersonal Communication on Employee Relations: A Case Study of Starnet Innovations Limited in Enugu. Path of Science, 10(10), 4006–4020.
  35. Pierson, L. (2021). Promoting language and literacy in children with complex communication needs.
  36. Qobilovna, A. M. (2024). Socio-psychological factors influencing teacher-student interaction in primary education. Prospects for Innovative Technologies in Science and Education, 1(2), 156–163.
  37. Rachmad, Y. E. (2022). Interpersonal Communication Theory. Cagliari Sardegna Libri Internazionali.
  38. Rahmat, H., & Jon, R. B. (2023). Benefits and challenges of group discussion as creative learning strategies in speaking class. IJECA (International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application), 6(1), 72–80.
  39. Richter, I., Gabe-Thomas, E., Queiros, A. M., Sheppard, S. R. J., & Pahl, S. (2023). Advancing the potential impact of future scenarios by integrating psychological principles. Environmental Science & Policy, 140, 68–79.
  40. Salimi, G., Mohammadi, M., Naseri Jahromi, R., Safari, M., & Mirghafari, F. (2022). Meta-synthesis approach to continuity of learning in higher education by online education especially for Corona crisis. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 28(3), 199–295.
  41. Shakoor, Z., Lateef, A., & Mehmood, S. (2025). Bridging Communication Gaps: Enhancing Student-Teacher Interaction for Academic Success. Indus Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 465–476.
  42. Sudhakar, K. (2024). A study of frustration and job stressors among different categories of teachers. Eastern Journal of Psychiatry, 19(1), 12–17.
  43. Sudirman, I. N., & Cahyani, N. K. S. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Pancasila di sekolah dasar untuk membangun karakter generasi unggul. Cendikia: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 2(1), 103–110.
  44. Tisdell, E. J., Merriam, S. B., & Stuckey-Peyrot, H. L. (2025). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
  45. Vakili, R., Vakili, S., Ajilian Abbasi, M., & Masoudi, S. (2024). Overcrowded Classrooms: Challenges, Consequences, and Collaborative Solutions for Educators: A Literature Review. Medical Education Bulletin, 5(2), 961–972.
  46. Waite, S. (2020). Teaching and learning outside the classroom: Personal values, alternative pedagogies and standards. In Outdoor learning research (pp. 8–25). Routledge.
  47. Winter, P. (2022). Lasers, screens and models: the material assemblages of learning pattern recognition in radiography education. In Making Sense of Medicine: Material Culture and the Reproduction of Medical Knowledge (pp. 344–359). Intellect Publishers.
  48. Xie, F., & Derakhshan, A. (2021). A conceptual review of positive teacher interpersonal communication behaviors in the instructional context. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 708490.
  49. Załoga, W. (2024). The role of effective interpersonal communication in shaping organizational leadership. Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie/Politechnika Śląska.
  50. Zaman, M., Sajjad, S., & Gharsheen, L. U. (2023). Exploring the dynamics of teacher-student relationships in overcrowded secondary school classrooms. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(4), 245–261.