Tinjauan literatur sistematis kepemimpinan terdistribusi di sekolah: mengeksplorasi dampak di lapangan

  • Heni Afrianti 
    Universitas Bengkulu
    Indonesia
  • Sudarwan Danim
    Universitas Bengkulu
    Indonesia
  • Manap Somantri
    Universitas Bengkulu
    Indonesia
  • Asti Putri Kartiwi
    Universitas Bengkulu
    Indonesia

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi penerapan kepemimpinan distributif di lingkungan sekolah dan dampaknya terhadap berbagai aspek pendidikan. Pengumpulan dan analisis data menggunakan metode PRISMA dengan meninjau berbagai penelitian yang relevan dari database Scopus dan Semantic Sholar periode tahun 2019-2024, kriteria inklusif dan eksklusi juga disertakan. Kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya kepemimpinan distributif sebagai model yang dapat mendorong komitmen guru, kepuasan kerja, dan efektivitas sekolah, terutama dalam konteks negara-negara berkembang. Kajian ini juga menemukan bahwa efektivitas penerapan kepemimpinan distributif bergantung pada konteks budaya dan geografis. Dalam beberapa kasus, seperti di Indonesia, kepemimpinan instruksional dianggap lebih relevan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja guru. Selain itu, keterbatasan dalam ukuran sampel dan cakupan wilayah membuat hasil penelitian sulit digeneralisasikan ke populasi yang lebih luas. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian tambahan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan cakupan yang lebih luas untuk mengeksplorasi nuansa kontekstual yang lebih mendalam. Dari perspektif kebijakan, kajian ini memberikan panduan praktis bagi pembuat kebijakan pendidikan untuk mengembangkan pelatihan kepemimpinan yang inklusif dan kebijakan yang mendukung kepala sekolah. Dukungan institusi pendidikan, seperti pelatihan berkelanjutan, pendampingan, dan alokasi sumber daya yang memadai, sangat penting untuk memastikan keberhasilan implementasi model kepemimpinan ini. Kajian ini memperkaya literatur mengenai kepemimpinan distributif di berbagai konteks budaya dan geografis, tidak hanya memberikan kontribusi teoretis, tetapi juga panduan praktis untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan melalui kepemimpinan yang lebih inklusif, kolaboratif, dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menjembatani kesenjangan dalam literatur dan memperkuat relevansi model ini di berbagai konteks global.

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