Melampaui tokenisme: mekanisme dan dampak integrasi kearifan lokal yang transformatif dalam literasi membaca sekolah dasar – sebuah tinjauan sistematis

  • Luh Novik Dian Mertiasih 
    Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan
    Indonesia
  • I Made Sedana
    Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan
    Indonesia
  • I Nyoman Raka
    Indonesia

Abstract

Integrasi kearifan lokal dalam pembelajaran membaca seringkali bersifat tokenistik, sekadar menyisipkan unsur budaya tanpa transformasi pedagogis substantif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara sistematis bentuk integrasi bermakna kearifan lokal dalam literasi membaca Sekolah Dasar serta mekanisme yang mendasarinya. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis panduan PRISMA 2020. Protokol penelitian telah didaftarkan pada Open Science Framework (OSF). Pencarian dilakukan pada enam database internasional dan nasional terakreditasi periode 2020–2025. Dari 1.382 artikel awal, 42 studi empiris (kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan campuran) memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Karena heterogenitas desain studi, sintesis data dilakukan menggunakan thematic synthesis untuk data kualitatif dan narrative synthesis untuk data kuantitatif. Analisis mengidentifikasi empat bentuk integrasi bermakna: (1) cultural scaffolding berbasis Zona Perkembangan Proksimal; (2) aktivasi cultural schemata untuk pemrosesan semantik; (3) pemanfaatan community cultural wealth sebagai modal literasi; dan (4) place-based literacy pedagogy. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa integrasi transformatif berkorelasi dengan peningkatan pemahaman membaca inferensial (rentang effect size d = 0,82–1,37 pada studi kuantitatif terpilih), motivasi intrinsik, dan afirmasi identitas budaya. Studi kasus dari Bali (Tri Hita Karana) disajikan sebagai ilustrasi empiris bagaimana integrasi holistik dapat menanamkan nilai harmoni sekaligus keterampilan literasi. Implikasi praktis mencakup pengembangan kerangka pedagogi literasi yang bergerak dari relevansi budaya menuju keberlanjutan pengetahuan indigenous dalam ekosistem sekolah dasar.

Keywords
  • Kearifan lokal, Literasi membaca, Culturally sustaining pedagogy, Meaningful integration, Systematic literature review, Sekolah dasar.
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