Tiga peran metode eksperimen sederhana dalam membangun keterampilan proses sains siswa sekolah dasar

  • I Kadek Mertayasa 
    Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan, Indonesia
    Indonesia
  • I Ketut Suparya
    Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan, Indonesia
    Indonesia
  • I Made Ari Winangun
    Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan, Indonesia
    Indonesia

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi peran metode eksperimen sederhana dalam pengembangan keterampilan proses sains siswa sekolah dasar melalui systematic literature review (SLR) berbasis protokol PRISMA 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan SLR dengan pendekatan sintesis tematik kualitatif, bukan meta-analisis. Oleh karena itu, tidak dilakukan penggabungan effect size statistik lintas studi atau uji heterogenitas. Temuan disajikan sebagai pola konseptual dan kecenderungan empiris yang muncul secara konsisten dalam literatur yang dianalisis. Melalui analisis tematik terhadap 63 artikel jurnal internasional terbitan 2016–2025 dari database Scopus, Web of Science, dan ERIC, penelitian mengungkap tiga peran utama metode eksperimen sederhana: (1) sebagai pengaktif pengetahuan awal siswa melalui observasi langsung fenomena konkret (didukung oleh 47 dari 63 studi); (2) sebagai fasilitator pengorganisasian informasi melalui aktivitas klasifikasi berbasis manipulasi objek nyata (didukung oleh 39 studi); dan (3) sebagai pemicu komunikasi ilmiah ketika secara eksplisit disertai platform praktik seperti presentasi atau penulisan laporan (didukung oleh 22 studi). Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi sangat bergantung pada konteks relevan, peran guru sebagai fasilitator, dan ketersediaan sumber daya yang memadai. Temuan ini memberikan dasar empiris bagi pengembangan desain pembelajaran sains yang secara intensional mengaitkan eksperimen sederhana dengan pengalaman belajar bermakna untuk membangun keterampilan proses sains yang berkelanjutan.

Keywords
  • eksperimen sederhana
  • keterampilan proses sains
  • observasi
  • klasifikasi
  • komunikasi ilmiah
  • sekolah dasar
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