Menjembatani kesenjangan pemahaman kontekstual: analisis kebutuhan pengembangan literasi sains berbasis fenomena alam lokal di sekolah dasar

  • I Made Putrayasa 
    Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan, Indonesia
    Indonesia
  • I Ketut Suparya
    Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan, Indonesia
    Indonesia
  • I Made Ari Winangun
    Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan, Indonesia
    Indonesia

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kesenjangan pemahaman kontekstual siswa sekolah dasar dan menganalisis kebutuhan pengembangan literasi sains berbasis fenomena alam lokal melalui systematic literature review (SLR). Mengikuti protokol PRISMA, analisis kritis dilakukan terhadap 78 artikel jurnal internasional terbitan 2016–2025 dari database Scopus, Web of Science, dan ERIC. Penelitian mengungkap paradoks prestasi global: sintesis data menunjukkan siswa memperoleh skor kognitif sains rata-rata 70–80 (skala 0–100), namun pemahaman kontekstual mereka hanya berkisar 65–78. Kesenjangan ini disebabkan oleh tiga faktor struktural: (1) dominasi pembelajaran teacher-centered yang mengabaikan situated learning; (2) ketidakrelevanan media pembelajaran dengan konteks lokal; dan (3) minimnya integrasi fenomena alam sebagai sumber belajar autentik. Analisis kebutuhan mengungkap urgensi pengembangan media berbasis fenomena lokal dengan empat karakteristik esensial hasil sintesis: (a) integrasi fenomena lokal autentik sebagai konteks pembelajaran; (b) desain yang memandu alur kognitif progresif dari observasi ke refleksi ekologis; (c) format portabel yang dapat digunakan di luar kelas; dan (d) integrasi kearifan lokal sebagai kerangka nilai. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa buku saku literasi sains berbasis fenomena alam lokal merupakan solusi strategis untuk menjembatani kesenjangan pemahaman kontekstual sekaligus merealisasikan semangat Kurikulum Merdeka dalam pembelajaran yang relevan dan bermakna.

Keywords
  • Fenomena alam lokal, systematic literature review, kearifan local, Literasi sains, Negara berkembang, Pemahaman kontekstual
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